Two cases on consent in the context of non-fatal offences against the person — Melin (2019) qualifies Richardson (1999) on the effect of fraudulent misrepresentation on apparent consent; R v BM (2018) makes an important clarification of the need for non-clinical forms of body alteration to satisfy the public interest if they are to be lawful In Ivey v Genting (2017), the Supreme Court returned dishonesty to its pre Ghosh (1982) meaning  Mitchell (2018) and Tas (2018), typify the persisting problems governing joint enterprise post Jogee (2016). Tas also raises questions about the continued significance of Rafferty (2007) on supervening acts Wallace (2018) raises important questions about the notion of a voluntary act in the context of the chain of causation, an issue most notably raised in Kennedy (2007) Loake v CPS (2017) makes an important clarification of how insanity is a general defence and not limited to crimes of mens rea Ray (2017) affirms the ruling in Collins (2015) on the question of reasonableness in householder cases, and Cheeseman (2019) rules that the householder defence is available to a person who injures another person who had entered a premises lawfully but had then become a trespasser