This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of Metaheuristics on 15th International Conference, MIC 2024, held in Lorient, France, during June 4–7, 2024. The 36 full papers presented together with 34 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 127 submissions. The conference focuses on artificial intelligence, combinatorial optimization, computer science, graph theory, evolutionary algorithms, genetic algorithms, simulated annealing, optimization, optimization problems.