Computer Organization and Architecture contains the following features to facilitate learning: UPDATED! Information on the newest technology in computer design NEW! Chapter on GPUs (General Purpose Computing on Graphics Processing Units) highlights one of the most important new developments in computer science. Their ability to coordinate with traditional CPUs to handle large amounts of data over a wide range of applications make them widely used throughout the field. NEW! Heterogeneous Multicore Processors are surveyed in a new section of the text. NEW! Embedded Systems overview in chapter 1 has been greatly expanded and revised to reflect the current state of embedded technology. NEW! Microcontrollers are mentioned in chapter 1 for their widespread use in almost all modern computers. The ARM Cortex-M3 microcontroller is used as an ongoing example throughout the text. NEW! Cloud Computing is newly discussed by the book as an overview in chapter 1 and a detailed discussion in chapter 17. NEW! System Performance issues coverage has been revised, expanded, and reorganised for a clearer and more thorough treatment throughout the text. Chapter 2 is devoted to the topic, and the subject is explored integratively throughout the text. NEW! Flash Memory coverage has been revised and expanded with new information, including a new discussion of technology and organisation of flash memory for internal memory (chapter 5) and external memory (chapter 6). NEW! Nonvolatile RAM technologies STT-RAM, PCRAM, and ReRAM are newly covered. NEW! Direct Cache Address (DCA) are detailed in chapter 7, developed by computer manufacturers to meet processing demands for high speed networks. UPDATED! Intel Core Microarchitecture continues to be used as a major example throughout with information reflecting newer Intel systems such as Intel Core Microarchitecture. A comprehensive coverage of the entire field of computer design Systems are viewed from both the architectural and organisational structure perspectives to help students gain a comprehensive view of computer design. A unified Treatment of I/O provides a full understanding of I/O functions and structures, including two important external interface examples: FireWire and InfiniBand. A focus on RISC gives students a broad understanding of this technology, found in virtually all contemporary machines. Parallel Processors such as symmetric multiprocessors (SMP), clusters, and NUMA systems are covered in an exceptionally clear, well-organised manner throughout the text. Microprogrammed Implementation is thoroughly covered, allowing students to gain a complete understanding of processor organisation. Multicore Processor Coverage is explained as a standard in processor design. Embedded Processors and the unique design issues they present are acknowledged by the text. The ARM architecture is used as a case study.