This chapter reviews the role of decision support systems (DSS) for pest monitoring and management through information technology like remote sensing, GIS, spectral indices, image-based diagnostics, expert systems and phenology-based degree day models. Applications range from rule-based models to phenology models to help in pest forecasting as well as monitoring, together with intelligent systems able to suggest appropriate integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. The chapter includes case studies of expert systems, crop pest DSS using phenology-based degree day models, and mobile-based artificial intelligence (AI) modules for identification of pests.