This chapter draws heavily on Brazilian experience, not only because of author affiliations, but due to the fact that Brazil is a current world leader in ICL-CA and in Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forestry management systems under CA (ICLF-CA) adoption and research, currently with 11.5 million hectares under these systems (83% under ICL-CA ) and a government-sponsored Low Carbon Agriculture programme supporting research and extension towards achieving Brazil’s international goals to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions The process of pasture degradation will not be covered here, since it is dealt with in detail by other authors referred to in the text; it is considerably reduced, or eliminated, by ICL-CA.