The use of plant protection products (PPPs) is a key issue in ensuring the sustainability of rice cultivation. It is essential to evaluate the risks these products pose to human health and the environment, and to determine what measures are required to keep the risks within acceptable limits. This chapter first reviews how the risks posed by PPPs are currently evaluated, and considers where current risk assessment practices require improvement. Methods of managing the risks associated with PPPs and encouraging more sustainable rice cultivation are then discussed, with an emphasis on how integrated pest management (IPM) strategies can be successfully implemented.