Sharka disease, caused by Plum pox virus (PPV), is the most important virus inducing extended yield losses in plums, on account of reduced fruit quality, premature fruit drop and rapid natural virus spread by aphid vectors. This chapter provides general information on the status of this disease around the world, with emphasis on strains, detection methods, orchard management and breeding for resistance. The chapter examines the challenge of PPV control for sustainable cultivation of plums and looks at the genetic and molecular basis of PPV resistance in Prunus. Finally, the chapter looks ahead to future research trends in this area.