Ensuring a sustainable tree fruit industry with regard to post-harvest quality management involves engaging approaches and technologies that encompass both pre- and post-harvest issues. The adoption of new, non-destructive technologies is important for quantifying and evaluating the challenge of quality management of fruit in post-harvest systems. This chapter examines the challenge of managing biological variance to improve the success of post-harvest technologies. The chapter looks at ways of measuring harvest maturity and improving sorting operations, as well as considering post-harvest technologies and temperature control. The chapter includes a detailed case study of post-harvest strategies in cherry cultivation in British Columbia. Finally, the chapter looks ahead to future research trends in the field and provides detailed guidance on further reading in this area.